PS2010 Psychological Research Methods and Analysis Lab 2 Report | RHUL

Published: 14 Apr, 2025
Category Report Subject Psychology
University Royal Holloway University of London Module Title PS2010 Psychological Research Methods and Analysis

Lab Report

The lab report is summative and forms 60% of your grade for PS2010. The Lab Report is based on the study you will conduct in Semester 2. It is very important that you attend your Lab sessions and engage fully with lab work.

Presenting and formatting your Lab Report

  • Remember to make sure your report is neatly formatted to APA 7 style.
  • There is an example of a Student Report formatted to APA 7 Style here.
  • Please format the assessment using 1.5 line spacing and choose one of the following fonts: Calibri, Times New Roman or Arial (12 point).
  • The word count must not exceed 2,500 words (excluding titles, references and appendices). The aim is to write a complete yet succinct lab report. Please see word count indications per section below, but note these are just for guidance.
  • Your report requires the following sections: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Method (with the following sub-sections – Participants, Design, Materials, Procedure), Results, Discussion, References, and Appendices.
  • DO NOT include your name anywhere in the report or title page; marking is fully anonymised until grade release.
  • The report should be written in the past tense in a formal academic writing style. The best way to see how psychological research is presented is to read peer-reviewed research journals.

Submitting your Lab Report 

Academic Integrity Warning! Ensure you run your work through Turnitin Checker before submission. Please ensure you check where any overlap occurs rather than merely checking the percentage returned. Please note that for lab reports, the percentage on Turnitin checker can be a little higher than an essay due to the overlap of study materials, ethics form, etc. Please note that markers check the nature of overlap presented in a lab report rather than merely checking the percentage returned. Even though you have worked in small groups to run your study, the lab report you submit must be entirely your work. You should not work in groups or pairs to write the report, and the report you submit must be constructed entirely independently.  
  • Submit your work through the appropriate link on the PS2010 Blackboard page on completion.
  • Attach a completed student coversheet to your work; you will find this on Blackboard.
  • Submit a single Microsoft Word (.docx) document; any appendices (e.g. data output, participant instructions) should be referred to in your report (e.g. see Appendix A) and then neatly labelled at the end of your report in the appendices. Microsoft Word is available to all students via Remote Access.
  • Please leave plenty of time for submission of your work to Blackboard; work that is even 1 minute past the cut-off deadline will be deemed ‘late’ without approved MCs in place. Do not leave submission to the last minute; just in upload to Blackboard takes some time. 

Title Page

Give your study a clear, concise and informative title. Please do not provide your name on this title page – marking is anonymised via Blackboard.

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Abstract

An abstract needs to be a short, succinct and clear overview of your entire research study (the rationale, key elements of the method, pertinent findings and the conclusion). I recommend looking at published abstracts to get an overview of the information and level of detail that is required here. Your abstract should be around 150-200 words in total. The abstract should appear on its page.  It is often best to write this piece at the end of the report once all other sections have been finalised. 

Introduction

An introduction needs to provide an overview of the psychological basis and rationale for your study, along with a brief outline of your study and key predictions. This section should be approximately 700 words. As a general guide, your introduction should do the following:
  • Place the research experiment in context. Briefly mention the concept of creative problem-solving and outline the key focus of your research study. 
  • Outline what previous research has shown in terms of the impact of background sound on creative problem-solving. Provide details of approximately three relevant studies, what they have found and why. 
  • Provide your predictions or key research questions.
It is important that you provide in-text references to support your points and when referring to existing theories and research. E.g.“The Compound Remote Associates Task is a commonly used test of creative problem-solving (Mednick, 1962). 

Method

Present information in four clear sub-sections: participants, design, materials & procedure. Remember to pay attention to the APA guidelines on headings. This section should be approximately 400 words. 
  • Participants – How many participants were there, and where were they selected from (e.g. general public, students, etc). If you collected demographic information, how many of each gender, what was the mean/standard deviation of the age?
  • Design – Was your design within or between participants' designs? What were the two independent variables, and what were the two levels of each? What were the dependent variables?
  • Materials – What problem-solving tasks and questionnaire scale did you use? How did you select your problem-solving tasks and questionnaire?
  • Procedure – What process did participants follow in the study? What instructions were given to participants? Was informed consent obtained, and were they debriefed?
Remember to pay attention to what information belongs in each section, avoid repeating information across sections, and be sure to include all relevant information but as clearly and concisely as possible without repetition. Remember, your methodology should allow replication of your study. Guide your reader through what was done from when you, as the experimenter, began the experiment until you had finished your role as experimenter. You need to write as if you were the experimenter for the collection of all the data.  

Results

The results section aims to present and detail the findings of your study. Remember to refer to your workbook for help in conducting, analysing and interpreting your inferential statistics. This section should be approximately 500 words. The results section should include the following:
  • The descriptive statistics (e.g. means and standard deviations) for your 2 X 2 study. These should be presented in a table. Please ensure that you introduce the table to the reader and give it a title. 
  • All numbers should be reported to 2 decimal places throughout, except for p-values, which are always reported to 3 decimal places. 
  • It is good practice to present the exact significance (p) value (e.g. p = .023) unless the p value is recorded as < .001, in which case you report p < .001.
  • The findings of your 2 x 2 within-participants ANOVA, written up with the correct statistical notation and in APA format. Please include the effect size and use descriptive statistics (e.g. means and standard deviation) to interpret the direction of your effects. Refer to your PS2010 workbook for details on how to write up your statistical findings.
  • The findings of your correlations and multiple regression, written up with the correct statistical notation and in APA 7 format. Please include a table of correlations (otherwise known as a ‘correlation matrix’) and write your multiple regression neatly in prose. Refer to your PS2010 workbook for details on how to write up your statistical findings.
  • There should be no raw data presented in the results section.
  • Ensure that tables and statistics are appropriately formatted and are not merely copied from SPSS.
  • The results section should be succinct; therefore, avoid presenting the same data in multiple formats, e.g. a graph of the above data would be redundant when a table has already been provided. 

Discussion

  • Briefly summarise your key findings. This should be a brief outline of the results of your statistical analyses, in words (do not repeat figures or statistics here).  For example, ‘The findings demonstrated that the solution rates for the easy problems were significantly higher than for the difficult problems’. It is important that you state the findings of each statistical test. You could consider retaining the same order as you did for your results section, e.g. outlining the key findings from your ANOVA, followed by the key findings from your correlations and multiple regressions. This should provide a clear and concise summary of your key findings to your reader.
  • Interpret your key findings. In this part, you should link your findings back to the research discussed in the introduction and discuss your results about existing research.  Do the results support the predictions? If so, why, and if not, why not? What do the findings mean (e.g. what is the psychological interpretation of these findings)?
  • Limitations. Identify some important limitations of your study (focus on one to two ideas). Try to keep these specific to your study area (e.g. avoid stock limitations that could relate to any study, such as ‘the number of participants was low’ or ‘data was only collected from a student sample’) and avoid being overly negative about your study!
  • Implications, Future Research and Conclusion. Are there any real-world implications for this research? What direction should future research take? You need to pull your report together in a concluding paragraph. 
The discussion section should be approximately 600 words. 

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References

Each reference listed in-text must appear in the reference section. Ensure the references are presented in APA7 format and that they are listed in alphabetical order. As a guide, a Lab Report of this length should have at least 15 references. 

Appendices

The appendices must include the IBM SPSS Statistics Output from your ANOVA and Correlation/Multiple Regression Analyses. You could use the snipping tool/screen capture in Windows/Mac if you wish to insert key elements of your SPSS output into your appendices. It is not necessary to include all your raw data in the appendices. Please note you can also export SPSS outputs to PDF and Microsoft Word formats. 
 
Information that you might wish to include in your appendices includes, the list of the compound remote associate problems (CRATs or Rebus Puzzles) used in the study, the exact instructions provided to participants etc. Remember to refer your reader to the Appendices in the text (e.g. please see Appendix A for the selected creativity problems), and label your Appendices (e.g. Appendix A – Creativity Problems). 

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