MPPU1034 Application Of Statistics In Educational Research Question

MPPU1034 PART A: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Objective:

This assignment aims to develop your quantitative research skills through Research-Oriented Learning (Healey et al., 2010) and the Community of Inquiry (Garrison & Arbaugh, 2007). You will independently carry out statistical analysis, but you are expected to collaborate with your team members during the research process to discuss and learn from each other.

2. Scope:

Your individual research must include:

• Research Questions Formulation (5%);
• Data Organization (categorization, cleaning, coding) (10%);
• Statistical Analysis (hypothesis testing comparing two variables, comparing more than two variables, correlation, regression, chi-square) (45%); and
• Self-Reflection (evaluation of your learning through Research-Oriented Learning and the Community of Inquiry frameworks) (5%).

3. Use Of ChatGPT:

The use of ChatGPT or any similar AI tool for statistical analysis is strictly prohibited. Any submission that relies on AI-generated statistical analysis will receive a penalty of 0 marks for the relevant sections.

4. Plagiarism Policy:

Any report found to contain more than 20% plagiarism will receive a score of 0 marks. Ensure that you properly cite all sources and paraphrase appropriately to maintain academic integrity.

5. Collaborative Discussion:

Although each student will submit an individual report, you are required to discuss your research questions and analysis with your team members. These discussions should help you refine your approach, troubleshoot challenges, and improve the quality of your findings. The purpose is to encourage learning through peer interaction, not to work in isolation.

6. Submission Guidelines:

I. Submission Date:

Refer table below. Late submissions will incur a penalty unless prior arrangements are made.

Ii. Submission Method:

Submit your report and SPSS or similar statistical tool files via the odlsystem.utm.my as a PDF file. Ensure the file is named in the following format: Name_MiniResearch.pdf.

You are required to submit your research report as a PDF file, along with the data files from SPSS or similar statistical tools, through the ODL system at odlsystem.utm.my.

Ensure the files are named in the following format:

• RQ_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the research questions formulation)
• Data_GivenName_MatricNumber.sav (for the SPSS data organization)
• Analysis1_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the statistical analysis to compare two variables report)
• Analysis2_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the statistical analysis to compare more than two variables report)
• Analysis3_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the statistical analysis of correlation and regression report)
• Analysis4_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the statistical analysis of chi square test report)
• SR_GivenName_MatricNumber.pdf (for the self-reflection)
• Output_GivenName_MatricNumber.spv (for the SPSS output file)

MPPU1034 PART B: FORMAT OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT

A. Title Page:

Include the following details:

• Course Title
• Assignment Title
• Your Name & Group Members’ Names

B. Research Questions Formulation:

This research aims to answer the following research questions:

• Comparison of Two Variables: [State your research question here.]
• Comparison of More than Two Variables: [State your research question here.]
• Correlation: [State your research question here.]
• Correlation: [State your research question here.]
• Chi-Square Analysis: [State your research question here.]

C. Self-Reflection

Reflect on your learning experience throughout the research process, demonstrating your understanding of the concepts. Consider the following:

• How has engaging in Research-Oriented Learning (Healey et al., 2010) contributed to your understanding of the research topic?
  In what ways did the Community of Inquiry (Garrison & Arbaugh, 2007) enhance your learning through collaboration and discussion with peers?
• Reflect on the statistical analysis you conducted. Did engaging with statistical methods improve your understanding of the data and the research findings?
• Identify specific insights or knowledge you gained from the research process, the collaborative discussions, and your experience with statistical analysis.
• How did you ensure ethical considerations in data collection, confidentiality, and data management after the research was completed?

D. Statistical Analysis Report

The statistical analysis report must follow the format and structure provided in the Appendix A. Ensure that all analyses, interpretations, and ethical considerations are clearly presented.

APPENDIX A

This report will address the research question, which is: __________? This question requires analysis of ___________. Therefore a survey is used to identify _______. __________ are recorded as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Scores of the Pre Test and Post Test

The statistical analysis is performed by using the SPSS Program with alpha 0.05 towards the dependent variables – ______________. Both variables contain ________ data. Therefore, it is advised to perform the parametric test in analysing the significance of these two variables. However, the first requirement of the parametric test is that the data from both variables must be normal. Thus, the normality of the mean of the ______________ are tested using the Shapiro-Wilk Test. This test was run with the following hypotheses:

Null hypothesis: The population is normally distributed.
Alternative hypothesis: The population is not normally distributed.

Table 2 shows that the significance of both pre test and post test scores are less than 0.001. This means that both variables are non-normally distributed (significance is lower than 0.05). For that reason, the non-parametric test of the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test is used to investigate whether there is a significance difference between the mean of _______.

Table 2: The Shapiro-Wilk Tests of Normality for the Pre Test and Post Test

The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test (Wilcoxon Test) is a non-parametric alternative to the Paired Samples T-Test, which compares the scores of the two groups. This test was run with the following hypotheses:

Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the mean of ________.
Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the mean of _____.

Table 3 shows the descriptive statistics for the ______. There were 18 students (N) in each condition. The ________ gave a mean score of _______ with a standard deviation of _______. The ________ gave a mean score of _______ with a standard deviation of _______. The mean for the _____ is higher than that of _______. It means, _________. On the other hand, the median for the ___________.

Table 3: Descriptive Statistics of the Pre Test and Post Test

Next, Table 4 shows the ranks for Wilcoxon Test, where “a” refers to the number of observations or number of students (N) with _____ is lower than ______. “b” refers to the N with ______ is greater than ______ and “c” refers to the N with _____ is equal to the _____. This means that ______ of the students ________ (the Negative Ranks row). ______ students _______ (the Positive Ranks row) and ____ students ____________ (the Ties row).

Table 4: Ranks of the Pre Test and Post Test

Finally, Table 5 gives the values of the Wilcoxon Test, where “b” refers to the value based on the negative ranks. The asymptotic significant value, 0.753, is greater than the value of alpha, .05, thus failed to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is no significant difference between ______________ (z = -3.14, p = 0.753). Indeed, the median for __________. These results suggest that _____________.

Table 5: Test Statistics of Reading Time in Early Morning and at Night