FIS2603 Physiological Defense Mechanisms Assignment 2 Semester 1 2025 | UNISA

Question 1 

Evaporation is critical for eliminating excess body heat, but can have adverse effects if not carefully managed. One major consequence is dehydration, as fluid is lost from the skin surface in the form of sweat. If the volume of fluid lost is not replaced, blood plasma volume decreases, and circulation becomes less efficient. This may lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly concerning sodium and potassium, which play crucial roles in nerve and muscle function. Such imbalances can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and muscle cramps. In severe cases, heat exhaustion or heat stroke may develop if fluid losses are extreme and body temperature regulation fails. Moreover, sweating can irritate the skin, leading to discomfort or rashes if it is continuous and not adequately Therefore, while evaporation through sweating is beneficial for thermoregulation, it necessitates vigilant fluid replacement and electrolyte balance to avoid harmful physiological outcomes.