Category | Assignment | Subject | Engineering |
---|---|---|---|
University | BPP Business School | Module Title | Sustainable Systems and Engineering |
Word Count | 2500 words |
---|---|
Assessment Type | Report |
Assessment Title | Coursework 2 Summative |
Academic Year | May 2025 |
You are a Sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Consultant who has recently graduated from BPP University with an MSc in Engineering Management. You have joined the World Bank to evaluate the projects listed on its website.
Your first task as a Sustainability and ESG Consultant is to prepare a consultancy report for one of the projects listed on the World Bank’s website. As part of this task, you are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the module learning outcomes by:
Your performance will be assessed based on how well you demonstrate these learning outcomes, and you can refer to the rubric marking at the end for detailed evaluation criteria.
You are required to choose one of the following two options for your case study:
Nepal is a federal democracy with frequent changes in coalition governments since the 2022 elections. Governance at provincial and local levels is still evolving under the 2015 Constitution. Nepal has made progress in economic reforms. Reserves are rising, and medium-term prospects are positive due to planned infrastructure investments, particularly in energy.
Road transport accounts for 90% of goods and passenger movement, linking Nepal to India and beyond. However, road density is the lowest in South Asia—47 km/100 km² and 2.5 km/1,000 people. Rail and waterways are negligible, making road infrastructure vital for development.
The Strategic Road Network (SRN) supports growth and poverty reduction. Of 13,488 km, only about half is paved. Efforts are ongoing to expand and upgrade the SRN to improve regional connectivity. The Department of Roads (DoR) under MoPIT leads SRN development. Its Bridge Branch and regional offices manage construction and maintenance. Bridges face major risks from monsoons,
temperature extremes, and earthquakes, which threaten structural stability.
The Third Bridges Improvement and Maintenance Program (BIMP-III) builds on BIMP-I and BIMP-II (2012–2024). It focuses on resilient, safe, and inclusive bridge infrastructure, using a Bridge Management System (BMS) developed earlier.
Instructions:
If in doubt, please check with your Tutor.
You must access information through credible and authentic sources (for example, BPP library, corporate websites, annual reports, quality media sources, affiliated industry associations and industry periodicals and journals, etc.).
Third-party report writing sites are not credible academic sources and should not be used. You are NOT required or permitted to conduct any primary research for this assessment. You are not permitted to access or use any third-party report writing services, whether generated by AI or otherwise. The use of such services is likely to lead to an investigation for PAM. All submissions must be written in an academic style (i.e. not first person).
This task is designed to measure your progress towards the following Module learning outcomes, and you should consider these learning outcomes carefully whilst writing your research essay.
Brief Project Introduction:
Provide an overview of the selected project, highlighting its Proposed Development Objective(s) as outlined in its PID.
(100 words maximum, excluded from the 2500-word count)
URL Links:
The link to the official PDF file of the Project Information Document (PID) - mandatory.
Define sustainability and sustainable engineering, and discuss relevant frameworks and their significance to decision-making in the context of the selected project.
Discuss the role of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in evaluating sustainability and apply it to the selected project.
Using the LCA of the project, identify and critically evaluate the key environmental impacts of the selected project, and discuss potential strategies to address them.
Consider economic, social, and environmental aspects, propose solutions for the project, and justify them.
References:
Include a list of references cited throughout the report, following Harvard citation style.
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General Guidelines for Structuring Your Report |
Writing a professional business report requires careful planning, structured thinking, and clear communication. Below are key guidelines to help you develop a high-quality report for your assessment. You should focus on presenting your report in a structured manner that demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the module learning outcomes. Structure Your Report Logically and Develop a Clear Argument: Your report should be well-organised, with each argument flowing logically into the next. Begin with a general statement, present the complications, and conclude with a summary that justifies your points. Ensure each section naturally transitions to the next. Higher marks will be awarded for well-developed arguments and critical evaluation that are supported by compelling evidence, demonstrate practical application and justification, engage with opposing views, and provide deeper analysis by addressing questions such as how, why, what if, so what, and what next. The discussion must be directly relevant to the selected project, avoiding generalised or generic information. Simple descriptions or the mere reproduction of information from AI/Chat GPT or online sources will not be credited. |
Cover, Contents and Introduction |
· Front Cover · Table of Contents · Introduction Brief Project Introduction: (100 words maximum, excluded from the 2500-word count) Begin by introducing the selected project, highlighting its Proposed Development Objective(s) as outlined in its PID. URL Links: The link to the official PDF file of the Concept Project Information Document (PID) - mandatory. |
LO1: Critically analyse and apply sustainability concepts and frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line and the SDGs within various engineering contexts. Indicative wordcount: 625 words |
· Start by defining sustainability and sustainable engineering and why they matter in engineering projects. · Discuss key frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line or the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). · Explain how these frameworks help World Bank in making decisions for the project. · Show how the selected project aligns with, contributes to, or detracts from achieving the SDGs. |
LO4: Apply and critically evaluate sustainability metrics, lifecycle assessment (LCA), and assessment tools in engineering projects to enhance decision- making.
Indicative wordcount: 625 words |
· Describe what Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is and how it evaluates the environmental impact of products or processes. · Explain the importance of LCA in understanding the environmental impacts of engineering projects. · Outline the steps involved in conducting an LCA. · Conduct an LCA for the selected project, including an inventory analysis. · Identify and present the inputs and outputs at each stage of the project's lifecycle (LCA score calculation is not required). |
LO2: Critically assess and evaluate the environmental impacts of engineering projects, including the effects of climate change, and propose strategies for mitigation and adaptation.
Indicative wordcount: 625 words |
· Analyse the LCA inventory data to determine the project's key environmental impacts. · Critically evaluate these impacts in relation to major global environmental issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation and so on. · Propose mitigation strategies to reduce negative impacts, as well as adaptation strategies to address potential changes, and resilience strategies to enhance the project's ability to recover from environmental disruptions. |
LO3: Critically evaluate sustainable engineering solutions, integrating economic, social, and environmental considerations, including lifecycle impacts.
Indicative wordcount: 625 words |
· Critically evaluate the engineering project using sustainable engineering principles, considering its economic, social, and environmental impacts. · Integrate economic and social factors with environmental considerations, including lifecycle impacts. · Justify proposed recommendations based on sustainability principles. · Demonstrate how these recommendations align with sustainable engineering practices. |
Additional Considerations |
· Read the instructions carefully: Ensure you fully understand the task requirements and the context provided in the assignment brief. · Know your role: In this report, you are writing as a Sustainability and ESG Consultant. Tailor your tone and recommendations to reflect a professional consulting approach. |
|
· Research thoroughly: Use the World Bank website, project documents, and relevant literature to gather information on the project and sustainable engineering principles. · Use Critical Thinking: Go beyond merely describing concepts; analyse and evaluate them. · Focus on Relevance: Marks will be awarded for critically evaluating key theories and models in sustainable engineering and their practical applications. Ensure your analysis relates directly to the selected project rather than offering general information. Simple descriptions or reproduced information from AI sources will not earn marks. · Deeper Analysis: Higher marks will be awarded for in-depth analysis that addresses questions such as how, why, what if, so what, and what next. Seek out opposing views and provide convincing evidence to support your arguments. · Justify Your Recommendations: Support all claims and recommendations with evidence. Use data, case studies, and credible sources to strengthen your arguments. · Reflect on Alternatives: When proposing solutions, consider various approaches and explain why your chosen alternative is the most effective. · Use Credible Sources: Ensure all data, facts, and figures come from trustworthy sources, such as academic journals, World Bank documents, and industry reports. · Reference Properly: Use a consistent referencing style (e.g., Harvard, APA) throughout your report. Properly cite all information taken from other sources, both in-text and in the reference list. · Incorporate Visuals Where Appropriate: Use diagrams, charts, or tables to enhance your report by illustrating key data or comparisons. Ensure these visuals are relevant and add value to your analysis. · Avoid Jargon: Write in clear language that is easily understood by non-specialists. Avoid excessive technical terms unless they are clearly explained. |
|
0-39% Fail |
40-49% Marginal Fail |
50-59% Pass |
60-69% Merit |
70-79% Distinction |
80-100% High Distinction |
LO1: Critically |
Lacks understanding of sustainability concepts (TBL, SDGs); can't apply them to engineering; no critical thinking; uses irrelevant or no engineering examples; no supporting evidence; writing is disorganised, unclear, and full of errors. |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates good |
Demonstrates an |
Demonstrates |
analyse and |
limited |
satisfactory |
understanding of |
excellent |
outstanding, |
|
apply |
understanding of |
understanding of |
sustainability |
understanding of |
comprehensive, in- |
|
sustainability |
sustainability |
sustainability |
concepts; applies |
sustainability |
depth understanding |
|
concepts and frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line and the SDGs within various |
concepts; struggles to apply them, with significant errors; minimal analysis, lacks accuracy; uses poorly chosen or weakly explained |
concepts; attempts to apply them, but lacks depth; performs simple analysis, but lacks critical evaluation; uses relevant engineering examples, but |
them clearly and with some analysis; shows some critical thinking and evaluation; uses relevant engineering examples with clear connections; provides good, integrated |
concepts; applies them effectively and with strong analysis; demonstrates thoughtful critical evaluation; uses well- defined, thoroughly analysed engineering |
of sustainability concepts; applies them expertly and with insightful analysis; shows exceptional critical thinking and evaluation; uses |
|
engineering |
engineering |
application is |
evidence; writing is |
examples; provides |
complex, thoroughly |
|
contexts. |
examples; very |
superficial; provides |
clear, well-organised, |
excellent, integrated |
analysed engineering |
|
|
little weak |
satisfactory evidence; |
and communicates |
evidence; writing is |
examples with |
|
|
evidence; writing is |
writing is adequately |
effectively. |
highly clear, well- |
compelling evidence; |
|
|
poorly structured |
structured and clear. |
|
structured, and |
writing is |
|
|
and lacks clarity. |
|
|
persuasive. |
exceptionally clear, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
well-organised, and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
convincingly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
supported. |
|
LO2: Critically |
Lacks understanding |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates good |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates |
assess and |
of environmental |
limited |
satisfactory |
understanding of |
excellent |
outstanding, |
evaluate the |
impacts or climate |
understanding of |
understanding of |
environmental |
understanding of |
comprehensive, in- |
environmental |
change effects; can't |
environmental |
environmental |
impacts and climate |
environmental |
depth understanding |
impacts of |
assess or evaluate |
impacts and |
impacts and climate |
change; assesses |
impacts and climate |
of environmental |
engineering |
projects; unable to |
climate change; |
change effects; |
projects clearly and |
change; assesses |
impacts and climate |
projects, |
propose any |
struggles to assess |
attempts to assess |
with some analysis; |
projects effectively |
change; assesses |
including the effects of climate change, and propose strategies for mitigation and adaptation. |
mitigation/adaptation strategies; no relevant engineering examples; no supporting evidence; writing is disorganized and unclear. |
or evaluate projects, with significant errors; proposes weak or irrelevant strategies; uses poorly chosen or weakly explained engineering examples; very little weak evidence; writing is poorly structured and lacks clarity. |
projects but lacks depth; proposes simple mitigation/adaptation strategies, but lacks critical evaluation; uses relevant engineering examples, but application is superficial; provides satisfactory evidence; writing is adequately structured and clear. |
proposes relevant mitigation/adaptation strategies with clear connections; uses relevant engineering examples with good integration; provides good, integrated evidence; writing is clear, well-organized, and communicates effectively. |
and with strong analysis; proposes well-defined, critically evaluated mitigation/adaptation strategies; uses well- defined, thoroughly analysed engineering examples; provides excellent, integrated evidence; writing is highly clear, well- structured, and persuasive. |
projects expertly and with insightful analysis; proposes complex, thoroughly evaluated mitigation/adaptation strategies with compelling evidence; uses complex, thoroughly analysed engineering examples; writing is exceptionally clear, well-organized, and convincingly supported. |
LO3: Critically evaluate sustainable engineering solutions, integrating economic, social, and environmental considerations, including lifecycle impacts. |
Lacks understanding of sustainable engineering solutions or their evaluation; ignores economic, social, and environmental factors; fails to consider lifecycle impacts; no relevant engineering examples; no supporting evidence; writing is disorganized and unclear. |
Demonstrates very limited understanding of sustainable solutions and evaluation; struggles to integrate economic, social, and environmental factors, with significant errors; lifecycle impacts are overlooked or poorly addressed; uses poorly chosen or weakly |
Demonstrates satisfactory understanding of sustainable solutions and evaluation; attempts to integrate economic, social, and environmental factors, but lacks depth; lifecycle impacts are mentioned, but analysis is superficial; uses relevant engineering examples, but application is |
Demonstrates good understanding of sustainable solutions and evaluation; integrates economic, social, and environmental factors clearly and with some analysis; lifecycle impacts are considered with clear connections; uses relevant engineering examples with good integration; provides good, integrated evidence; writing is |
Demonstrates excellent understanding of sustainable solutions and evaluation; integrates economic, social, and environmental factors effectively and with strong analysis; lifecycle impacts are thoroughly analysed and evaluated; uses well-defined, thoroughly analysed engineering |
Demonstrates outstanding comprehensive, in- depth understanding of sustainable solutions and evaluation; integrates economic, social, and environmental factors expertly and with insightful analysis; lifecycle impacts are comprehensively and critically evaluated with compelling evidence; uses |
|
|
explained engineering examples; very little weak evidence; writing is poorly structured and lacks clarity. |
superficial; provides satisfactory evidence; writing is adequately structured and clear. |
clear, well-organized, and communicates effectively. |
examples; provides excellent, integrated evidence; writing is highly clear, well- structured, and persuasive. |
complex, thoroughly analysed engineering examples; writing is exceptionally clear, well-organized, and convincingly supported. |
|
LO4: Apply and |
Lacks description of |
Demonstrates a |
Demonstrates |
Demonstrates good |
Demonstrates |
Describes LCA |
|
critically |
LCA or its evaluation; |
limited description |
satisfactory |
understanding of LCA |
excellent |
concepts |
|
evaluate |
fails to explain its |
of LCA; struggles to |
understanding of LCA |
concepts; explains its |
understanding of LCA |
outstanding, |
|
sustainability |
importance; cannot |
explain its |
concepts; attempts to |
importance with |
concepts; explains its |
comprehensively, and |
|
metrics, |
outline LCA steps; no |
importance, with |
explain its |
some analysis; |
importance |
in-depth; explains its |
|
lifecycle |
attempt at |
significant errors; |
importance, but lacks |
outlines LCA steps |
effectively and with |
importance expertly |
|
assessment |
conducting an LCA or |
outlines |
depth; outlines basic |
correctly with clear |
strong analysis; |
and with insightful |
|
(LCA), and |
inventory analysis; no |
incomplete or |
LCA steps, but with |
connections; |
outlines LCA steps |
analysis; outlines LCA |
|
assessment |
identification of |
incorrect LCA |
gaps; conducts a |
conducts a relevant |
thoroughly and |
steps meticulously |
|
tools in |
inputs/outputs; |
steps; attempts a |
superficial LCA with |
LCA with good |
accurately; conducts |
and accurately; |
|
engineering |
writing is |
flawed LCA, with |
basic inventory |
inventory analysis; |
a well-defined LCA |
conducts a complex, |
|
projects to |
disorganized, unclear. |
minimal inventory |
analysis; identifies |
identifies |
with detailed |
thoroughly analysed |
|
enhance |
|
analysis; struggles |
some inputs/outputs |
inputs/outputs with |
inventory analysis; |
LCA with detailed and |
|
decision- |
|
to identify |
but lacks detail; |
clear connections; |
identifies |
insightful inventory |
|
making. |
|
inputs/outputs; |
writing is adequately |
writing is clear, well- |
inputs/outputs |
analysis; identifies |
|
|
|
writing is poorly |
structured and clear. |
organized, and |
comprehensively and |
inputs/outputs |
|
|
|
structured and |
|
communicates |
with strong analysis; |
meticulously and with |
|
|
|
lacks clarity. |
|
effectively. |
writing is highly clear, |
compelling evidence; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
well-structured, and |
writing is |
|
|
|
|
|
|
persuasive. |
exceptionally clear, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
well-organized, and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
convincingly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
supported. |
|
Academic skills |
Inadequate academic/ intellectual skills with |
Basic academic/intellectual |
Satisfactory academic/intellectual |
Good academic/intellectual |
Excellent academic/intellectual |
Outstanding academic/intellectual |
|
|
some difficulties. |
skills. Original work |
skills. Wholly original |
skills. Demonstrates |
skills. Demonstrates |
skills. Demonstrates |
Largely imitative and |
with personal |
work with good |
intellectual originality |
intellectual originality, |
intellectual originality, |
|
descriptive. Some |
reflection and broad |
reflection and solid, |
and imagination |
integrity, coherence and |
integrity, coherence, |
|
difficulty with structure |
evidence-based |
well-reasoned |
|
imagination. |
creativity and |
|
and accuracy in |
critique. Solid |
judgements forming |
|
|
imagination working |
|
expression but |
structure and |
from evidence-based |
|
|
consistently in the |
|
developing |
accuracy in |
critique. Consistent |
|
|
higher cognitive |
|
practical/professional |
expression. |
structure and accuracy |
|
|
domains to a |
|
skills. |
Practical/professional |
in expression. |
|
|
professional standard. |
|
|
skills evident. |
Practical/professional |
|
|
|
|
|
|
skills established. |
|
|
|
|
Personal |
Inadequate use of a |
Basic, clear evidence |
Satisfactory and |
Good evidence of an |
Excellent evidence of |
Outstanding evidence |
research skills |
range of personal |
of considerable |
substantial research |
innovative or original |
an innovative or |
of an innovative and |
|
research which is |
personal research |
and evidence of an |
use of extensive |
original use of extensive |
original use of |
|
largely critically |
and the use of a |
innovative use of a wide |
personal research |
personal research |
extensive personal |
|
evaluated for key |
diverse range of |
range of personal |
which has been |
which has been |
research which has |
|
conceptual issues |
appropriate sources |
research with clear and |
thoroughly evaluated |
thoroughly critically |
been thoroughly |
|
although this may not |
but may contain |
consistent conceptual |
conceptually. |
evaluated both |
critically evaluated, |
|
be consistent |
problems with |
evaluation. |
|
conceptually and |
conceptually and |
|
throughout. |
consistency in the |
|
|
methodologically. |
methodologically with |
|
|
conceptual |
|
|
|
deep reflection. |
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